Reanalysis of the apoid wasp phylogeny with additional taxa and sequence data confirms the placement of Ammoplanidae as sister to bees

Apoid wasps and bees (Apoidea) are an ecologically morphologically diverse group of aculeate Hymenoptera (ants, wasps). During the last decades, significant progress has been made in illuminating phylogenetic relationships major Apoidea lineages. However, some uncertainties have remained. In this study, we present results from re-investigating phylogeny by including genome skimming data key taxa that were missing previous investigations: a representative Entomosericini (tribe former Pemphredoninae) Eremiaspheciinae (subfamily ‘Crabronidae’). We additionally skimmed genomes two Heterogyna species (Heterogynaidae). Our applying concatenation coalescence-based approaches confirm previously suggested sister relationship Ammoplanidae bees. They also corroborate most taxonomic changes published 2018 granting eight lineages family ‘Crabronidae’ status. our analyses indicate families Pemphredonidae Psenidae could be para- or polyphyletic. After carefully assessing topological discordance quality, exact placements genera Eremiasphecium Entomosericus apoid wasp remain ambiguous. inclusion any currently accepted cannot well justified, consequently suggest raising Entomosericinae Eremiaspheciini to rank, respectively, acknowledge situation classification: Entomosericidae Dalla Torre, 1897 (stat. n.) Eremiaspheciidae Menke, 1967 n.).